4.2.1. Global constraints

These constraints represent high-level modelling abstractions, for which many solvers implement special, efficient inference algorithms.

4.2.1.2. Lexicographic constraints

predicate lex2(array [int,int] of var int: x)

Require adjacent rows and adjacent columns in the array x to be lexicographically ordered. Adjacent rows and adjacent columns may be equal.

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predicate lex_greater(array [int] of var bool: x,
                      array [int] of var bool: y)

Requires that the array x is strictly lexicographically greater than array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_greater(array [int] of var int: x,
                      array [int] of var int: y)

Requires that the array x is strictly lexicographically greater than array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_greater(array [int] of var float: x,
                      array [int] of var float: y)

Requires that the array x is strictly lexicographically greater than array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_greater(array [int] of var set of int: x,
                      array [int] of var set of int: y)

Requires that the array x is strictly lexicographically greater than array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_greatereq(array [int] of var bool: x,
                        array [int] of var bool: y)

Requires that the array x is lexicographically greater than or equal to array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_greatereq(array [int] of var int: x,
                        array [int] of var int: y)

Requires that the array x is lexicographically greater than or equal to array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_greatereq(array [int] of var float: x,
                        array [int] of var float: y)

Requires that the array x is lexicographically greater than or equal to array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_greatereq(array [int] of var set of int: x,
                        array [int] of var set of int: y)

Requires that the array x is lexicographically greater than or equal to array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_less(array [int] of var bool: x,
                   array [int] of var bool: y)

Requires that the array x is strictly lexicographically less than array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_less(array [int] of var int: x,
                   array [int] of var int: y)

Requires that the array x is strictly lexicographically less than array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_less(array [int] of var float: x,
                   array [int] of var float: y)

Requires that the array x is strictly lexicographically less than array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_less(array [int] of var set of int: x,
                   array [int] of var set of int: y)

Requires that the array x is strictly lexicographically less than array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_lesseq(array [int] of var bool: x,
                     array [int] of var bool: y)

Requires that the array x is lexicographically less than or equal to array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_lesseq(array [int] of var float: x,
                     array [int] of var float: y)

Requires that the array x is lexicographically less than or equal to array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_lesseq(array [int] of var int: x,
                     array [int] of var int: y)

Requires that the array x is lexicographically less than or equal to array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate lex_lesseq(array [int] of var set of int: x,
                     array [int] of var set of int: y)

Requires that the array x is lexicographically less than or equal to array y . Compares them from first to last element, regardless of indices.

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predicate strict_lex2(array [int,int] of var int: x)

Require adjacent rows and adjacent columns in the array x to be lexicographically ordered. Adjacent rows and adjacent columns cannot be equal.

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predicate value_precede(int: s, int: t, array [int] of var int: x)

Requires that s precede t in the array x .

Precedence means that if any element of x is equal to t , then another element of x with a lower index is equal to s .

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predicate value_precede(int: s,
                        int: t,
                        array [int] of var set of int: x)

Requires that s precede t in the array x .

Precedence means that if an element of x contains t but not s , then another element of x with lower index contains s but not t .

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predicate value_precede_chain(array [int] of int: c,
                              array [int] of var int: x)

Requires that c [ i ] precedes c [ i +1] in the array x .

Precedence means that if any element of x is equal to \a c[ i +1], then another element of x with a lower index is equal to \a c[ i ].

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predicate value_precede_chain(array [int] of int: c,
                              array [int] of var set of int: x)

Requires that c [ i ] precedes c [ i +1] in the array x .

Precedence means that if an element of x contains \a c[ i +1] but not \a c[ i ], then another element of x with lower index contains \a c[ i ] but not \a c[ i +1].

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4.2.1.3. Sorting constraints

function array [int] of var int: arg_sort(array [int] of var int: x)

Returns the permutation p which causes x to be in sorted order hence x [ p [ i ]] <= x [ p [ i +1]].

The permutation is the stable sort hence x [ p [ i ]] = x [ p [ i +1]] \(\rightarrow\) p [ i ] < p [ i +1].

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function array [int] of var int: arg_sort(array [int] of var float: x)

Returns the permutation p which causes x to be in sorted order hence x [ p [ i ]] <= x [ p [ i +1]].

The permutation is the stable sort hence x [ p [ i ]] = x [ p [ i +1]] \(\rightarrow\) p [ i ] < p [ i +1].

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predicate arg_sort(array [int] of var int: x,
                   array [int] of var int: p)

Constrains p to be the permutation which causes x to be in sorted order hence x [ p [ i ]] <= x [ p [ i +1]].

The permutation is the stable sort hence x [ p [ i ]] = x [ p [ i +1]] \(\rightarrow\) p [ i ] < p [ i +1].

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predicate arg_sort(array [int] of var float: x,
                   array [int] of var int: p)

Constrains p to be the permutation which causes x to be in sorted order hence x [ p [ i ]] <= x [ p [ i +1]].

The permutation is the stable sort hence x [ p [ i ]] = x [ p [ i +1]] \(\rightarrow\) p [ i ] < p [ i +1].

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predicate decreasing(array [int] of var bool: x)

Requires that the array x is in decreasing order (duplicates are allowed).

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predicate decreasing(array [int] of var float: x)

Requires that the array x is in decreasing order (duplicates are allowed).

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predicate decreasing(array [int] of var int: x)

Requires that the array x is in decreasing order (duplicates are allowed).

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predicate decreasing(array [int] of var set of int: x)

Requires that the array x is in decreasing order (duplicates are allowed).

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predicate increasing(array [int] of var bool: x)

Requires that the array x is in increasing order (duplicates are allowed).

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predicate increasing(array [int] of var float: x)

Requires that the array x is in increasing order (duplicates are allowed).

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predicate increasing(array [int] of var int: x)

Requires that the array x is in increasing order (duplicates are allowed).

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predicate increasing(array [int] of var set of int: x)

Requires that the array x is in increasing order (duplicates are allowed).

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predicate sort(array [int] of var int: x, array [int] of var int: y)

Requires that the multiset of values in x are the same as the multiset of values in y but y is in sorted order.

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function array [int] of var int: sort(array [int] of var int: x)

Return a multiset of values that is the same as the multiset of values in x but in sorted order.

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4.2.1.4. Channeling constraints

predicate int_set_channel(array [int] of var int: x,
                          array [int] of var set of int: y)

Requires that array of int variables x and array of set variables y are related such that ( x [ i ] = j ) &#8596; ( i in y [ j ]).

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predicate inverse(array [int] of var int: f,
                  array [int] of var int: invf)

Constrains two arrays of int variables, f and invf , to represent inverse functions. All the values in each array must be within the index set of the other array.

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function array [int] of var int: inverse(array [int] of var int: f)

Given a function f represented as an array, return the inverse function.

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predicate inverse_set(array [int] of var set of int: f,
                      array [int] of var set of int: invf)

Constrains two arrays of set of int variables, f and invf , so that a j in f[ i ] iff i in invf[ j ]. All the values in each array’s sets must be within the index set of the other array.

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predicate link_set_to_booleans(var set of int: s,
                               array [int] of var bool: b)

Constrain the array of Booleans b to be a representation of the set s : i in s &#8596; b [ i ].

The index set of b must be a superset of the possible values of s .

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4.2.1.5. Counting constraints

predicate among(var int: n, array [int] of var int: x, set of int: v)

Requires exactly n variables in x to take one of the values in v .

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function var int: among(array [int] of var int: x, set of int: v)

Returns the number of variables in x that take one of the values in v .

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predicate at_least(int: n, array [int] of var int: x, int: v)

Requires at least n variables in x to take the value v .

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predicate at_least(int: n,
                   array [int] of var set of int: x,
                   set of int: v)

Requires at least n variables in x to take the value v .

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predicate at_most(int: n, array [int] of var int: x, int: v)

Requires at most n variables in x to take the value v .

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predicate at_most(int: n,
                  array [int] of var set of int: x,
                  set of int: v)

Requires at most n variables in x to take the value v .

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predicate at_most1(array [int] of var set of int: s)

Requires that each pair of sets in s overlap in at most one element.

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predicate count(array [int] of var int: x, var int: y, var int: c)

Constrains c to be the number of occurrences of y in x .

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function var int: count(array [int] of var int: x, var int: y)

Returns the number of occurrences of y in x .

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predicate count_eq(array [int] of var int: x, var int: y, var int: c)

Constrains c to be the number of occurrences of y in x .

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predicate count_geq(array [int] of var int: x, var int: y, var int: c)

Constrains c to be greater than or equal to the number of occurrences of y in x .

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predicate count_gt(array [int] of var int: x, var int: y, var int: c)

Constrains c to be strictly greater than the number of occurrences of y in x .

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predicate count_leq(array [int] of var int: x, var int: y, var int: c)

Constrains c to be less than or equal to the number of occurrences of y in x .

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predicate count_lt(array [int] of var int: x, var int: y, var int: c)

Constrains c to be strictly less than the number of occurrences of y in x .

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predicate count_neq(array [int] of var int: x, var int: y, var int: c)

Constrains c to be not equal to the number of occurrences of y in x .

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predicate distribute(array [int] of var int: card,
                     array [int] of var int: value,
                     array [int] of var int: base)

Requires that card [ i ] is the number of occurences of value [ i ] in base . The values in value need not be distinct.

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function array [int] of var int: distribute(array [int] of var int: value,
                                            array [int] of var int: base)

Returns an array of the number of occurences of value [ i ] in base . The values in value need not be distinct.

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predicate exactly(int: n, array [int] of var int: x, int: v)

Requires exactly n variables in x to take the value v .

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predicate exactly(int: n,
                  array [int] of var set of int: x,
                  set of int: v)

Requires exactly n variables in x to take the value v .

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predicate global_cardinality(array [int] of var int: x,
                             array [int] of int: cover,
                             array [int] of var int: counts)

Requires that the number of occurrences of cover [ i ] in x is counts [ i ].

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function array [int] of var int: global_cardinality(array [int] of var int: x,
                                                    array [int] of int: cover)

Returns the number of occurrences of cover [ i ] in x .

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predicate global_cardinality_closed(array [int] of var int: x,
                                    array [int] of int: cover,
                                    array [int] of var int: counts)

Requires that the number of occurences of i in x is counts [ i ].

The elements of x must take their values from cover .

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function array [int] of var int: global_cardinality_closed(array [int] of var int: x,
                                                           array [int] of int: cover)

Returns an array with number of occurences of i in x .

The elements of x must take their values from cover .

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predicate global_cardinality_low_up(array [int] of var int: x,
                                    array [int] of int: cover,
                                    array [int] of int: lbound,
                                    array [int] of int: ubound)

Requires that for all i , the value cover [ i ] appears at least lbound [ i ] and at most ubound [ i ] times in the array x .

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predicate global_cardinality_low_up_closed(array [int] of var int: x,
                                           array [int] of int: cover,
                                           array [int] of int: lbound,
                                           array [int] of int: ubound)

Requires that for all i , the value cover [ i ] appears at least lbound [ i ] and at most ubound [ i ] times in the array x .

The elements of x must take their values from cover .

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4.2.1.6. Packing constraints

predicate bin_packing(int: c,
                      array [int] of var int: bin,
                      array [int] of int: w)

Requires that each item i with weight w [ i ], be put into bin [ i ] such that the sum of the weights of the items in each bin does not exceed the capacity c .

Assumptions:

  • forall i , w [ i ] >=0
  • c >=0

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predicate bin_packing_capa(array [int] of int: c,
                           array [int] of var int: bin,
                           array [int] of int: w)

Requires that each item i with weight w [ i ], be put into bin [ i ] such that the sum of the weights of the items in each bin b does not exceed the capacity c [ b ].

Assumptions:

  • forall i , w [ i ] >=0
  • forall b , c [ b ] >=0

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predicate bin_packing_load(array [int] of var int: load,
                           array [int] of var int: bin,
                           array [int] of int: w)

Requires that each item i with weight w [ i ], be put into bin [ i ] such that the sum of the weights of the items in each bin b is equal to load [ b ].

Assumptions:

  • forall i , w [ i ] >=0

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function array [int] of var int: bin_packing_load(array [int] of var int: bin,
                                                  array [int] of int: w)

Returns the load of each bin resulting from packing each item i with weight w [ i ] into bin [ i ], where the load is defined as the sum of the weights of the items in each bin.

Assumptions:

  • forall i , w [ i ] >=0

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predicate diffn(array [int] of var int: x,
                array [int] of var int: y,
                array [int] of var int: dx,
                array [int] of var int: dy)

Constrains rectangles i , given by their origins ( x [ i ], y [ i ]) and sizes ( dx [ i ], dy [ i ]), to be non-overlapping. Zero-width rectangles can still not overlap with any other rectangle.

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predicate diffn_k(array [int,int] of var int: box_posn,
                  array [int,int] of var int: box_size)

Constrains k -dimensional boxes to be non-overlapping. For each box i and dimension j , box_posn [ i , j ] is the base position of the box in dimension j , and box_size [ i , j ] is the size in that dimension. Boxes whose size is 0 in any dimension still cannot overlap with any other box.

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predicate diffn_nonstrict(array [int] of var int: x,
                          array [int] of var int: y,
                          array [int] of var int: dx,
                          array [int] of var int: dy)

Constrains rectangles i , given by their origins ( x [ i ], y [ i ]) and sizes ( dx [ i ], dy [ i ]), to be non-overlapping. Zero-width rectangles can be packed anywhere.

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predicate diffn_nonstrict_k(array [int,int] of var int: box_posn,
                            array [int,int] of var int: box_size)

Constrains k -dimensional boxes to be non-overlapping. For each box i and dimension j , box_posn [ i , j ] is the base position of the box in dimension j , and box_size [ i , j ] is the size in that dimension. Boxes whose size is 0 in at least one dimension can be packed anywhere.

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predicate geost(int: k,
                array [int,int] of int: rect_size,
                array [int,int] of int: rect_offset,
                array [int] of set of int: shape,
                array [int,int] of var int: x,
                array [int] of var int: kind)

A global non-overlap constraint for k dimensional objects. It enforces that no two objects overlap.

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Parameters:

  • k: the number of dimensions
  • rect_size: the size of each box in k dimensios
  • rect_offset: the offset of each box from the base position in k dimensions
  • shape: the set of rectangles defining the i -th shape. Assumption: Each pair of boxes in a shape must not overlap.
  • x: the base position of each object. x [ i , j ] is the position of object i in. dimension j .
  • kind: the shape used by each object.
predicate geost_bb(int: k,
                   array [int,int] of int: rect_size,
                   array [int,int] of int: rect_offset,
                   array [int] of set of int: shape,
                   array [int,int] of var int: x,
                   array [int] of var int: kind,
                   array [int] of var int: l,
                   array [int] of var int: u)

A global non-overlap constraint for k dimensional objects. It enforces that no two objects overlap, and that all objects fit within a global k dimensional bounding box.

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Parameters:

  • k: the number of dimensions
  • rect_size: the size of each box in k dimensios
  • rect_offset: the offset of each box from the base position in k dimensions
  • shape: the set of rectangles defining the i -th shape. Assumption: Each pair of boxes in a shape must not overlap.
  • x: the base position of each object. x [ i , j ] is the position of object i in dimension j .
  • kind: the shape used by each object.
  • l: is an array of lower bounds, l [ i ] is the minimum bounding box for all objects in dimension i .
  • u: is an array of upper bounds, u [ i ] is the maximum bounding box for all objects in dimension i .
predicate geost_smallest_bb(int: k,
                            array [int,int] of int: rect_size,
                            array [int,int] of int: rect_offset,
                            array [int] of set of int: shape,
                            array [int,int] of var int: x,
                            array [int] of var int: kind,
                            array [int] of var int: l,
                            array [int] of var int: u)

A global non-overlap constraint for k dimensional objects. It enforces that no two objects overlap, and that all objects fit within a global k dimensional bounding box. In addition, it enforces that the bounding box is the smallest one containing all objects, i.e., each of the 2k boundaries is touched by at least by one object.

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Parameters:

  • k: the number of dimensions
  • rect_size: the size of each box in k dimensios
  • rect_offset: the offset of each box from the base position in k dimensions
  • shape: the set of rectangles defining the i -th shape. Assumption: Each pair of boxes in a shape must not overlap.
  • x: the base position of each object. x [ i , j ] is the position of object i in dimension j .
  • kind: the shape used by each object.
  • l: is an array of lower bounds, l [ i ] is the minimum bounding box for all objects in dimension i .
  • u: is an array of upper bounds, u [ i ] is the maximum bounding box for all objects in dimension i .
predicate knapsack(array [int] of int: w,
                   array [int] of int: p,
                   array [int] of var int: x,
                   var int: W,
                   var int: P)

Requires that items are packed in a knapsack with certain weight and profit restrictions.

Assumptions:

  • Weights w and profits p must be non-negative
  • w , p and x must have the same index sets

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Parameters:

  • w: weight of each type of item
  • p: profit of each type of item
  • x: number of items of each type that are packed
  • W: sum of sizes of all items in the knapsack
  • P: sum of profits of all items in the knapsack

4.2.1.7. Scheduling constraints

predicate alternative(var opt int: s0,
                      var int: d0,
                      array [int] of var opt int: s,
                      array [int] of var int: d)

Alternative constraint for optional tasks. Task ( s0 , d0 ) spans the optional tasks ( s [ i ], d [ i ]) in the array arguments and at most one can occur

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predicate cumulative(array [int] of var int: s,
                     array [int] of var int: d,
                     array [int] of var int: r,
                     var int: b)

Requires that a set of tasks given by start times s , durations d , and resource requirements r , never require more than a global resource bound b at any one time.

Assumptions:

  • forall i , d [ i ] >= 0 and r [ i ] >= 0

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predicate cumulative(array [int] of var opt int: s,
                     array [int] of var int: d,
                     array [int] of var int: r,
                     var int: b)

Requires that a set of tasks given by start times s , durations d , and resource requirements r , never require more than a global resource bound b at any one time. Start times are optional variables, so that absent tasks do not need to be scheduled.

Assumptions: - forall i , d [ i ] >= 0 and r [ i ] >= 0

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predicate disjunctive(array [int] of var int: s,
                      array [int] of var int: d)

Requires that a set of tasks given by start times s and durations d do not overlap in time. Tasks with duration 0 can be scheduled at any time, even in the middle of other tasks.

Assumptions:

  • forall i , d [ i ] >= 0

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predicate disjunctive(array [int] of var opt int: s,
                      array [int] of var int: d)

Requires that a set of tasks given by start times s and durations d do not overlap in time. Tasks with duration 0 can be scheduled at any time, even in the middle of other tasks. Start times are optional variables, so that absent tasks do not need to be scheduled.

Assumptions:

  • forall i , d [ i ] >= 0

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predicate disjunctive_strict(array [int] of var int: s,
                             array [int] of var int: d)

Requires that a set of tasks given by start times s and durations d do not overlap in time. Tasks with duration 0 CANNOT be scheduled at any time, but only when no other task is running.

Assumptions:

  • forall i , d [ i ] >= 0

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predicate disjunctive_strict(array [int] of var opt int: s,
                             array [int] of var int: d)

Requires that a set of tasks given by start times s and durations d do not overlap in time. Tasks with duration 0 CANNOT be scheduled at any time, but only when no other task is running. Start times are optional variables, so that absent tasks do not need to be scheduled.

Assumptions:

  • forall i , d [ i ] >= 0

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predicate span(var opt int: s0,
               var int: d0,
               array [int] of var opt int: s,
               array [int] of var int: d)

Span constraint for optional tasks. Task ( s0 , d0 ) spans the optional tasks ( s [ i ], d [ i ]) in the array arguments.

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4.2.1.8. Extensional constraints (table, regular etc.)

predicate regular(array [int] of var int: x,
                  int: Q,
                  int: S,
                  array [int,int] of int: d,
                  int: q0,
                  set of int: F)

The sequence of values in array x (which must all be in the range 1.. S ) is accepted by the DFA of Q states with input 1.. S and transition function d (which maps (1.. Q , 1.. S ) -> 0.. Q )) and initial state q0 (which must be in 1.. Q ) and accepting states F (which all must be in 1.. Q ). We reserve state 0 to be an always failing state.

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predicate regular(array [int] of var int: x, string: r)

The sequence of values in array x is accepted by the regular expression r . This constraint generates it’s DFA equivalent.

Regular expressions can use the following syntax: - Selection: - Concatenation: “12 34”, 12 followed by 34. (Characters are assumed to be the part of the same number unless split by syntax or whitespace.) - Union: “7|11”, a 7 or 11. - Groups: “7(6|8)”, a 7 followed by a 6 or an 8. - Wildcard: “.”, any value within the domain. - Classes: “[3-6 7]”, a 3,4,5,6, or 7. - Negated classes: “[^3 5]”, any value within the domain except for a 3 or a 5. - Quantifiers: - Asterisk: “12*”, 0 or more times a 12. - Question mark: “5?”, 0 or 1 times a 5. (optional) - Plus sign: “42+”, 1 or more time a 42. - Exact: “1{3}”, exactly 3 times a 1. - At least: “9{5,}”, 5 or more times a 9. - Between: “7{3,5}”, at least 3 times, but at most 5 times a 7.

Members of enumerated types can be used in place of any integer (e.g., “A B”, A followed by B). Enumerated identifiers still use whitespace for concatenation.

predicate regular_nfa(array [int] of var int: x,
                      int: Q,
                      int: S,
                      array [int,int] of set of int: d,
                      int: q0,
                      set of int: F)

The sequence of values in array x (which must all be in the range 1.. S ) is accepted by the NFA of Q states with input 1.. S and transition function d (which maps (1.. Q , 1.. S ) -> set of 1.. Q )) and initial state q0 (which must be in 1.. Q ) and accepting states F (which all must be in 1.. Q ).

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predicate table(array [int] of var bool: x, array [int,int] of bool: t)

Represents the constraint x in t where we consider each row in t to be a tuple and t as a set of tuples.

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predicate table(array [int] of var int: x, array [int,int] of int: t)

Represents the constraint x in t where we consider each row in t to be a tuple and t as a set of tuples.

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4.2.1.9. Other declarations

function var int: arg_max(array [int] of var int: x)

Returns the index of the maximum value in the array x . When breaking ties the least index is returned.

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function var int: arg_max(array [int] of var float: x)

Returns the index of the maximum value in the array x . When breaking ties the least index is returned.

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function var int: arg_min(array [int] of var int: x)

Returns the index of the minimum value in the array x . When breaking ties the least index is returned.

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function var int: arg_min(array [int] of var float: x)

Returns the index of the minimum value in the array x . When breaking ties the least index is returned.

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predicate circuit(array [int] of var int: x)

Constrains the elements of x to define a circuit where x [ i ] = j means that j is the successor of i .

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predicate disjoint(var set of int: s1, var set of int: s2)

Requires that sets s1 and s2 do not intersect.

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predicate maximum(var int: m, array [int] of var int: x)

Constrains m to be the maximum of the values in x .

Assumptions: | x | > 0.

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predicate maximum(var float: m, array [int] of var float: x)

Constrains m to be the maximum of the values in x .

Assumptions: | x | > 0.

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predicate maximum_arg(array [int] of var int: x, var int: i)

Constrain i to be the index of the maximum value in the array x . When breaking ties the least index is returned.

Assumption: | x | > 0

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predicate maximum_arg(array [int] of var float: x, var int: i)

Constrain i to be the index of the maximum value in the array x . When breaking ties the least index is returned.

Assumption: | x | > 0

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predicate member(array [int] of var bool: x, var bool: y)

Requires that y occurs in the array x .

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predicate member(array [int] of var float: x, var float: y)

Requires that y occurs in the array x .

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predicate member(array [int] of var int: x, var int: y)

Requires that y occurs in the array x .

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predicate member(array [int] of var set of int: x, var set of int: y)

Requires that y occurs in the array x .

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predicate member(var set of int: x, var int: y)

Requires that y occurs in the set x .

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predicate minimum(var float: m, array [int] of var float: x)

Constrains m to be the minimum of the values in x .

Assumptions: | x | > 0.

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predicate minimum(var int: m, array [int] of var int: x)

Constrains m to be the minimum of the values in x .

Assumptions: | x | > 0.

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predicate minimum_arg(array [int] of var int: x, var int: i)

Constrain i to be the index of the minimum value in the array x . When breaking ties the least index is returned.

Assumption: | x | > 0

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predicate minimum_arg(array [int] of var float: x, var int: i)

Constrain i to be the index of the minimum value in the array x . When breaking ties the least index is returned.

Assumption: | x | > 0

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predicate network_flow(array [int,1..2] of int: arc,
                       array [int] of int: balance,
                       array [int] of var int: flow)

Defines a network flow constraint.

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Parameters:

  • arc: a directed arc of the flow network. Arc i connects node arc [ i ,1] to node arc [ i ,2].
  • balance: the difference between input and output flow for each node.
  • flow: the flow going through each arc.
predicate network_flow_cost(array [int,1..2] of int: arc,
                            array [int] of int: balance,
                            array [int] of int: weight,
                            array [int] of var int: flow,
                            var int: cost)

Defines a network flow constraint with cost.

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Parameters:

  • arc: a directed arc of the flow network. Arc i connects node arc [ i ,1] to node arc [ i ,2].
  • balance: the difference between input and output flow for each node.
  • weight: the unit cost of the flow through the arc.
  • flow: the flow going through each arc.
  • cost: the overall cost of the flow.
predicate partition_set(array [int] of var set of int: S,
                        set of int: universe)

Constrains the sets in array S to partition the universe .

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predicate range(array [int] of var int: x,
                var set of int: s,
                var set of int: t)

Requires that the image of function x (represented as an array) on set of values s is t . ub( s ) must be a subset of index_set( x ) otherwise an assertion failure will occur.

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function var set of int: range(array [int] of var int: x,
                               var set of int: s)

Returns the image of function x (represented as an array) on set of values s . ub( s ) must be a subset of index_set( x ) otherwise an assertion failure will occur.

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predicate roots(array [int] of var int: x,
                var set of int: s,
                var set of int: t)

Requires that x [ i ] in t for all i in s

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function var set of int: roots(array [int] of var int: x,
                               var set of int: t)

Returns s such that x [ i ] in t for all i in s

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predicate sliding_sum(int: low,
                      int: up,
                      int: seq,
                      array [int] of var int: vs)

Requires that in each subsequence vs [ i ], …, vs [ i + seq - 1] the sum of the values belongs to the interval [ low , up ].

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predicate subcircuit(array [int] of var int: x)

Constrains the elements of x to define a subcircuit where x [ i ] = j means that j is the successor of i and x [ i ] = i means that i is not in the circuit.

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predicate sum_pred(var int: i,
                   array [int] of set of int: sets,
                   array [int] of int: cs,
                   var int: s)

Requires that the sum of cs [ i1 ].. cs [ iN ] equals s , where i1 .. iN are the elements of the i th set in sets .

Nb: not called ‘sum’ as in the constraints catalog because ‘sum’ is a MiniZinc built-in function.

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